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  • Accurately identifies cracks, corrosion, perforations and loss of thickness in pipes;
  • Applicable to non-ferromagnetic materials, such as stainless steel, copper and titanium;
  • Provides continuous data along the length of the pipe, enabling analysis of the extent and exact location of faults.
  • NR-13 applies to pressure vessels, boilers, tanks, and pipes used in various industrial sectors, including oil, gas, chemicals, sugar and ethanol, paper and pulp, among others;
  • The standard defines different types of inspections, such as initial, periodic, and extraordinary;
  • A quality inspection performed on equipment covered by this standard guarantees safety, prevents accidents, and ensures that the operation is carried out effectively.
  • Technical drawings are created following specific standards and norms, such as ISO or ASME standards;
  • Programs such as AutoCAD, SolidWorks, and Ansys are used;
  • The drawings include precise details, such as dimensional tolerances, surface finishes, symbols, and annotations essential for inspection.
  • Structural analysis refers to the evaluation and study of the structural capacity of components;
  • It uses mathematical modeling techniques, such as the Finite Element Method (FEM), to represent the physical and behavioral properties of materials;
  • This analysis considers external loads acting on the structure, such as gravitational loads, wind, earthquakes, among others.
  • Its objective is to identify the causes that led to a failure in a component or system;
  • It uses different methodologies, including visual analysis, non-destructive testing, metallographic analysis, computer simulations, among others, depending on the nature of the failure and the material involved;
  • Failure analysis involves a multidisciplinary approach, with experts from different areas contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the problem.
  • It allows the identification and analysis of the phases present in the material, including grains, inclusions, precipitates, and other microstructural features;
  • Metallographic analysis is valuable for evaluating the effects of heat treatments, manufacturing processes, and other processing conditions on material properties;
  • It is frequently used as part of quality control and process assurance in the manufacturing, metallurgy, and engineering industries.
  • Advanced inspection technique;
  • Real-time electronic adjustment of the direction, focus, and amplitude of the ultrasonic beam, providing greater efficiency in scanning the area to be inspected;
  • Allows the detection of different types of defects, such as cracks, inclusions, porosities, and discontinuities in welds;
  • It is extremely effective in situations with complex weld geometries or significant variations in material properties;
  • Capable of generating detailed images of the inspected region, allowing for accurate analysis of the weld’s internal conditions.
  • Advanced approach that provides greater reliability and accuracy in weld inspection;
  • TFM optimizes the focusing of the ultrasonic beam, improving the detection capability of defects in different planes and geometries;
  • FMC captures information in all possible transducer combinations, providing a broad and flexible view of the inspected region;
  • The combination of these techniques allows for more accurate and comprehensive detection of various defects;
  • By integrating Phased Array with TFM and FMC, it is possible to generate three-dimensional maps that facilitate interpretation and decision-making regarding structural integrity.
  • Advanced approach that provides greater reliability and accuracy in weld inspection;
  • TFM optimizes the focusing of the ultrasonic beam, improving the detection capability of defects in different planes and geometries;
  • FMC captures information in all possible transducer combinations, providing a broad and flexible view of the inspected region;
  • The combination of these techniques allows for more accurate and comprehensive detection of various defects;
  • By integrating Phased Array with TFM and FMC, it is possible to generate three-dimensional maps that facilitate interpretation and decision-making regarding structural integrity.
  • Phased Array is specifically applied to identify signs of HTHA, making it crucial for assessing the integrity of in-service components;
  • It enables precise scanning of critical areas where HTHA can cause material embrittlement;
  • The technique is capable of identifying changes in the material’s microstructure, such as cracks and fissures resulting from HTHA;
  • In addition to detecting HTHA, Phased Array is used to assess wall thickness and identify internal damage;
  • The ability to perform real-time inspections makes Phased Array an efficient tool for monitoring the evolution of HTHA.
  • A technique recognized for its high sensitivity in detecting small defects, such as cracks and delaminations, and for its accuracy in measuring these flaws;
  • It is typically used in weld inspections, being able to identify and characterize defects in three dimensions;
  • It allows real-time inspection, providing a fast and efficient assessment of structural integrity;
  • TOFD is versatile and can be applied to a variety of materials, including metals, plastics, composites, and others;
  • Efficient detection of surface and volumetric defects.
  • The test involves inserting a rotating probe into the pipe, which emits ultrasonic pulses, allowing for the evaluation of its internal wall;
  • It is capable of providing detailed information on wall thickness, identifying defects such as corrosion and wear, and assessing the structural integrity of pipes;
  • The test is used on small-diameter pipes, where other inspection techniques can be challenging;
  • It allows real-time visualization of internal pipe characteristics, giving inspectors an instant and detailed view of the condition of the inspected pipes;
  • In addition to detecting wall defects, IRIS is capable of identifying surface and volumetric defects.
  • The test uses robotic systems to perform precise and repetitive scans, increasing the efficiency and consistency of inspections;
  • It is capable of generating two-dimensional maps with a visual representation of the distribution of properties or defects in the material;
  • The technique is especially useful in detecting defects such as cracks, inclusions, and thickness variations in materials.
  • Automated C-SCAN is effective for evaluating large areas, allowing efficient and rapid coverage of large surfaces, such as chimneys, storage tanks, or large structures;
  • The test is also capable of identifying subsurface discontinuities, such as delaminations in composite materials, contributing to a comprehensive assessment of structural integrity.
  • Unlike conventional techniques, guided waves propagate along the surface of the material, making them particularly suitable for the inspection of pipes and pipelines, where defect detection can be difficult.
  • The test is capable of detecting defects such as corrosion, cracks, and other types of discontinuities, providing a complete assessment of structural integrity.
  • Guided waves can travel long distances along the surface of the material, allowing the inspection of large sections of pipe without the need for direct access to the region to be inspected.
  • The technique is fast and efficient, allowing for the rapid identification of defects over large areas.
  • Widely used in the oil and gas industry, this test is used to inspect pipelines, where early detection of corrosion and other defects is crucial to prevent leaks and catastrophic failures.
  • Ultrasound is used to measure the wall thickness of fiberglass material.
  • Variations in thickness may indicate corrosion or wear, providing crucial data about the condition of the material.
  • The test is effective in detecting internal discontinuities, such as voids, delaminations, and corrosion.
  • The flexibility of ultrasound allows the inspection of curved surfaces and complex geometries found in equipment made from this material.
  • Data interpretation requires qualified professionals who are familiar with the specific characteristics of fiberglass.
  • Ultrasonic testing on fiberglass plays a significant role in predictive maintenance, allowing early identification of potential issues and preventing unexpected failures.
  • It is widely used in weld inspection, allowing the identification of surface and subsurface discontinuities;
  • Eddy Current testing is fast and sensitive, enabling agile inspections of large areas;
  • The technique is efficient for identifying small defects;
  • It is suitable for conductive metallic materials, such as steel, aluminum, and copper alloys, making it a common choice in the industry for the inspection of structural components and pipes;
  • The technique can be adapted to different probe configurations, allowing customization according to the geometry and specific characteristics of the part or component to be inspected.
  • Effective for detecting corrosion and thinning in conductive materials;
  • Frequently used in the inspection of industrial equipment, pipelines, and metal structures;
  • Capable of assessing the integrity of coated equipment without the need for removal;
  • The test provides data on the presence of discontinuities, cracks, and corrosion, in addition to measuring material thickness;
  • Applicable in various segments, such as oil and gas, the chemical industry, and shipbuilding, among others, where structural integrity is critical.
  • Effective for detecting longitudinal flaws, such as cracks and corrosion, along pipeline lengths;
  • Particularly useful for inspecting thin pipelines, where other eddy current techniques may have limitations;
  • Interpreting inspection data requires high technical qualifications to analyze results and characterize discontinuities;
  • Does not require fine surface preparation for testing;
  • Widely used in sectors such as oil and gas, the chemical industry, power, and others, where pipeline integrity is critical for safe operation.
  • Endoscopy is effective for detecting visual defects, such as cracks, corrosion, obstructions, and other surface or structural abnormalities;
  • The technique allows for the recording of images and videos during the inspection, facilitating detailed documentation of the conditions found;
  • Endoscopy cameras feature built-in lighting, ensuring a clear, sharp view even in low-light environments, such as industrial pipes or ducts;
  • Visual inspection using drones is faster than traditional methods, allowing for broader coverage in less time;
  • Drones allow access to hard-to-reach areas, eliminating the need for scaffolding or rope access.
  • Thermography involves the capture of thermal images, where temperature variations are represented by colors or grayscale.
  • This allows for the identification of thermal patterns and temperature differences on a surface.
  • The technique is effective in detecting anomalies, such as hot or cold spots, heat leaks, electrical faults, and other temperature variations that may indicate problems with equipment or structures.
  • Thermal imaging is widely used in various sectors, including industrial predictive maintenance, electricity, civil construction, and process control, to identify problems before they become critical.
  • In addition to electrical applications, thermography can be used to analyze structural conditions.
  • The technique is noninvasive, meaning it does not require direct contact with the inspected surface.

    • Furthermore, it provides real-time results.

  • Acoustic emission testing is used in pressure testing to detect leaks in pressurized equipment;
  • The technique focuses on the detection of acoustic sounds generated by mechanical activity, such as microcracks, leaks, and other forms of degradation or movement in materials and structures;
  • Acoustic emission inspection is applicable to a variety of materials, including metals, composites, plastics, and concrete, making it versatile for troubleshooting in different industrial contexts;
  • It allows for continuous, real-time monitoring, being particularly useful for assessing structural integrity over time and for the early identification of potential failures;
  • The test can also be used as a predictive maintenance tool, aiding in intervention planning.
  • Visual testing is effective in detecting surface defects, such as scratches, cracks, corrosion, faulty welds, and other imperfections that may compromise the integrity or performance of the material;
  • It is widely applied in various sectors, including construction, manufacturing, oil and gas, aerospace, automotive, among others;
  • In addition to direct visual observation, visual inspection may involve the use of auxiliary tools and equipment, such as magnifying glasses, cameras, endoscopes, or ultraviolet light, to magnify the view and identify fine details.
  • A-Scan is effective in identifying discontinuities such as cracks, inclusions, or delaminated layers by interpreting the reflected wave signal;
  • B-Scan is used to map the extent and precise location of defects and interfaces, providing a comprehensive view of a material’s internal structure;
  • The A-Scan and B-Scan ultrasonic inspection service offers a detailed and accurate assessment of material integrity and is applied in various industries for defect detection.
  • Test used in confined areas, allowing internal visualization of pipes, ducts, pressure vessels, and other equipment;
  • Allows identification of wear, corrosion, cracks, leaks, and other irregularities;
  • Allows the use of articulated welds, for application in hard-to-reach areas.
  • The technique is effective for identifying cracks, porosities, inclusions, and other discontinuities that are open to the surface and allow liquid penetration;
  • It is typically used in the inspection of welds and joints, where the detection of surface cracks is critical to structural integrity;
  • The test can also be applied to surfaces subjected to high temperatures.
  • The technique is effective for identifying cracks, flaws, inclusions, and other discontinuities that affect the magnetic continuity of the material;
  • The method is best suited for materials with ferromagnetic properties, such as carbon steel, cast iron, nickel, and some aluminum alloys;
  • Magnetic particle inspection is known for its ability to quickly detect surface discontinuities, making it efficient for quality and structural integrity assessments.
  • Accurate, easy-to-perform testing that produces reliable results and can be applied to various segments;
  • The technique is versatile and can be applied to parts with complex geometries, including pipes and tanks, adapting to various industrial configurations;
  • It is typically used on metallic materials such as steel, aluminum, and alloys.
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